The Origin of the Clubhouse Model

The term “Clubhouse” originates from the language used to describe the vision and work of Fountain House, the first Clubhouse, established in New York City in 1948. Fountain House began when a group of former patients from a psychiatric hospital started meeting informally—as a kind of “club”—to support one another. From the very beginning, the emphasis was not on treatment or services, but on community, belonging, and mutual support for people living with mental illness.

This approach laid the foundation for what is now known as the Clubhouse Model, which is centered on membership and inclusion rather than clinical care. The message of belonging is embedded in the very word “Clubhouse,” making it a powerful symbol of the model’s values.

Today, the model is overseen by Clubhouse International, and there are more than 320 accredited Clubhouses operating in approximately 30 countries worldwide. In Milwaukee County, the Grand Avenue Club proudly serves as the only accredited Clubhouse, continuing the legacy of Fountain House by offering a supportive community for individuals living with mental illness.